Signs of Understanding

For the past centuries, desensitize people or those ruffianly of comprehend were the only ones who practiced scar langu suppurate to communicate their thoughts and feelings. People with perfect hearing corresponding Joseph Garcia, a certified interpreter, were mostly by-lineed in development this kind of langu while only in reference to the hearing handicapped. However, with his involvement in the deaf community, he soon noniced that babies born of deaf p arnts tended to develop speaking run-in abilities faster than children with p atomic number 18nts who had no handicap did.Puzzled by his observations, he headstrong to pursue the topic for his 1986 graduate thesis. With the cooperation of 17 families, he found come forth that consistently exposing babies to familys back tooth progress them tick these gestures by their eight or ninth month. Since then, Garcia has been a principal seeker for 109 studies and has developed programs, books and another(prenominal) materi als that implement his findings. (About Joseph Garcia par. 1-3)During the said(prenominal) period, Linda Acredolo in like manner realized that there is a possible lodge in the midst of signalises and early child development as her daughters reaction to the fish while they were in her pediatricians office intrigued her. Her child, Katie, went to the fish tank and started to blow towards the fish. When they went home, Linda had to put Katie back in her cheat and activate her fish mobile with a gentle blow. It was then that she remembered her daughters gestures in the restores clinic.Armed with this realization, the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development granted Linda Acredolo and her partner, Susan Goodwyn, cheerding to bring a study on the impact of symbolic gesturing on babies. (Haussman par. 4-5) The study was composed of 103 eleven-month ancient infants separate into two groups and reassessed on their 15th, 19th, 24th, 30th and 36th months. One contro l group knew nothing about employ symbolic gestures while the other group of pargonnts taught the infants how to use signs. The results manifested that the babies who lettered symbolic gestures had a great usefulness on the vast majority of the lyric poem acquisition measures. (Goodwyn, Acredolo & Brown 81)The initial researches made by Garcia, Acredolo and Goodwyn are the basis of popular programs now being conducted that help babies acquire soften speaking abilities and aid parentsin assureing their children. Learning to speak is a very important aspect of child development. Here are some milestones that indicate the proper style development of children.According to the Child Development Institute, at the age of 6 months, babies normally do vocalization with intonation and can respond to name call outs. Infants, at this point, should also be able to turn their heads or eyes toward human gos even without being distrait with gestures and show appropriate reaction to friend ly or angry tones. At 12 months of age, a fluff can use fragments of a explicate or haggle with correct meaning and understand bare(a) instructions with vocal or tangible hints.By this time, the one-year senior pamper can trust adding prefixes or suffixes to words and can be aware of the importance of social value in connection to speaking. By the time the child reaches 18 months of age, his or her vocabulary may contain 5 to 20 words composed mostly of nouns. These babies tend to make repetitions of a word or phrase with untold(prenominal) jargon and emotional content. It is also at this point when babies learn to follow basic commands. By the age of two, toddlers can typically name objects that are familiar to him and use this with about two prepositions like in, on or under.The children also start using short sentences composed of 1 to 2 words and 2/3 of their babble are understandable. Their vocabulary expands to 150 to 300 words and can use at least 2 pronouns interch angeably (ex. You and I). Toddlers of this age have poor rhythm and fluency while voice and pitch control are not yet to be controlled. However, this stage is also where most parents get going to teach their children response to commands like show me the light (your eyes, nose, etc.).By three years of age, children are evaluate to use the pronouns, I, You and Me properly and understand plurals and past tenses. The prepositions in, on and under are common in do three word sentences. Their vocabulary may expand from 900 to 1000 words and 90 percent of intercommunicate words are already understandable. Three year olds can also comprehend basic queries regarding their milieu can associate experiences with reason. Identification of own sex, name and age is also common to children of this age.The basis for language development also has something to do with a babys physical growth. According to a research made by Melanie Canault and her colleagues in 2007, children realize how to cont rol their respiration and its phonation first base by learning how to open and pie-eyed the vocal tract in continuous rhythm during vocal emissions. However, productions of these sounds are even under the influence of strong physiological constrains.Although many children are ready to learn verbalization to begin withhand 12 months old, most have yet to acquire the fine motor skill they need to pull in words using their mouths. (Taylor B1) Since most parents hope that their babies language development starts with the first words uttered by infants, it pull up stakes seem that there is little way to help babies communicate their needs until an appropriate physical development stage.However, researchers traced that verbal language begins with comprehension of arbitrary symbols to stand for real-world phenomena. (Goodwyn, Acredolo & Brown 82) foul up sign language, fit to numerous researches, can promote a childs procurement of the milestones presented above.Many studies ha ve sprung from the captain researches done by Garcia, Acredolo and Goodwyn. In 1997, Kimberlee Whaley, coordinator of the laboratory school and an associate professor of human development and family acquisition at Ohio States College of Human Ecology, and her colleagues in Ohio States A. Sophie Rogers Infant-Toddler Laboratory School started a program to help the babies in their vexation communicate their thoughts through sign language. Teachers were looking for some way to teach their conflicting one-year old students another physical gesture that would indicate their displeasure instead of pushing each other.They realized that if sign language can help children with special disabilities communicate, it can also aid with babies who have yet to learn name and address. One of the teachers was already knowledgeable in American home run nomenclature and taught the other caregivers on how to use certain gestures for their small experiment. The signs were used while the teachers sp oke to the children so that the babies will learn it naturally.The results show that the first words that children learn to verbalize are those that can be associated to the signs and that as these babies learned to use savoir-faire to a greater extent fluently, their use of signs diminish. It also littleened the frustration of both children and teachers because instead of crying the very unripened students are able to gesture what they need slightening the stress in the environment. Parents also learned the sign languages and pleased by it.Another research report made by Jana M. Iverson and Susan Goldin-Meadow strengthens the contention that gestures can hasten language development when they studied ten children who were learning to develop their abilities from single words to two-word combinations. They found out that the children first learned to make gestures before they could verbally pronounce the words.Another fact they established was that those who learned to make a ges ture and associate it to word combinations first (example pointing to a bird and prescribeing the word nap) were the ones who initially verbalized two-word combinations like bird nap. They concluded that gesture not only predates still also predicts changes in language meaning gesture can really pave the way to better language development.Many speech pathologists and parents are attesting to the benefits of baby sign language on families with normal hearing children. Babies who learn symbolic gestures are able to speak earlier than non-signers (as attested by the researches mentioned), experience less frustration (evidenced usually by less crying), develop larger vocabularies, become better readers and develop IQs that are at least 10 to 12 points higher. (Ryan par. 5)Although more research essentialiness be done to understand why babies who learn sign language develop verbal skills ahead of those who do not, the results of previous studies on the benefits of symbolic gestures already prove this phenomenon.Tantrum spells usually erupt because of frustration. Babies between 9 to 30 months old usually get frustrated because they are not able to communicate their need well. Dr. Alan Greene (par. 1-3) explains that the ideas of these babies, far top their language skills because large muscle coordination is learned before small muscle coordination at about the same time kids want to express themselves. Dr. Greene therefore recommends that parents teach their children sign language because hand and head feces is easier than manipulating the mouth and this form of language bridges the discourse gap that results to less frustration.Many researchers also affirm that vocabulary is deeply enhanced by baby sign language and has positive effects on IQs. The basic theory is that because children are better understood, they gain more self-confidence in learning. A baby can learn a great deal when he feels important, which not only creates a more confident person, but a more confident communicator. (Murkoff, 2003 cited in Haskin par.4) Dr. Marilyn Daniels, associate professor of speech communion at Penn States Worthington Scranton Campus, debates that knowing a second language, such as ASL (American Sign manner of speaking), also boosts self-assertion of the children. (Fong, par. 2)There are two ways to teach babies how to sign. The first way is establish on the research of Joseph Garcia who believes that ASL is the best tool to teach children how to sign. The second stream of learning is based on Acredolos research that uses any symbolic gestures that may be comfortable for both parents and their children. However, these schools of thought both believe in simplicity, consistency and the proper ages to start learning.Parents or care givers can start teaching signs to babies as young as six to nine months old. It is expected that a month may pass before the child uses the sign on his own. Caregivers need to begin with simple words that are basic to the child. rowing like eat, milk, and drink are great for starters. People teaching the language must also be patient in giving only a few words to the babies to start with so as not to overwhelm the child. One of the most important rules in teaching symbolic gestures is that the teacher must have the babys complete attention. Distractions will inhibit learning anything at all.The proper endurance of words is also important. Basic one-syllable words (preferably verbs and nouns) are the best choices. or so parents prefer to teach their children words that are more practical to their day-after-day routines but there are those who choose words based on what generates more excitement for their child. Words like bird, light, and foot may be of more interest to a child and parents are given the freedom to choose their vocabulary starter.It is also recommended that the teacher say the words aloud while doing the gesture. This will hasten speech development. If the gesture ref ers to an object, it would be advisable to show the child the object while doing its associated sign. The teacher, for example, can verbalize and make the sign for book before stint for it and repeat the same cycle while holding the book. Before putting the book back, the teacher must also do the cycle again. This will teach the child to connect the object to the sign. An additional cotton on to say the word clearly and slowly.Consistency is the key to success. The person teaching the child to sign must take every chance to repeat the gesture when appropriate. The signs need to be part of a daily routine. It takes a lot of repetition for the child to develop recognition.It is also advisable that the people with whom the child communicates regularly know the signs and are coordinated in their efforts to avoid confusion. Many people attest that their families have fun having their own set of symbolic language because it fosters camaraderie among them and strengthens their bonds tow ard each other.From the experiences of other parents and caregivers, it is noted that babies will not be able to completely copy a sign during his or her first attempts to show it. Some children take months to learn the system but parents attest that it is worth it. It would be worthwhile to pay close attention to the babys hand movements at the start to know if he or she is already attempting to imitate the signs. It may look uncoordinated at first but constant practice will refine the movements.Once an infant learns the first gestures, he or she can be taught additional words. It is not unusual for a child to learn about 40 to 60 words in sign language before he is physically prepared to talk. (Williams 2007)Speech therapists have been using sign language to hasten verbal communication in children who seem to have delayed developments in this area. According to Jennifer Fusco, a speech pathologist, When a child begins to use signs, and we respond to the signs as if they used a spo ken word, the communication cycle begins. It is therefore logical for some speech therapists to advocate baby sign language because it can aid in developing verbal abilities of children.However, there are also those who oppose too much focus on the system citing that they know of a mother who decided to focus entirely on teaching baby sign and to ignore vocalisations has actually retarded her sons spoken language development. (Grove, Herman, Morgan Woll par. 10) These therapists also believe that too much concentration on baby sign language may hamper speech development because other means of communication are ignored.Research has properly shown that baby sign language can be very helpful to a childs language and intellectual development. It boosts self-esteem and confidence in learning which aids in better IQ attainment. Even if it does not achieve the things mentioned, it is still worth using as a tool for better communication because it fosters better family ties and less stress ful moments for both parents and children.Works CitedAbout Joseph Garcia. Sign2Me.com. 29 November 2007Canault, Melanie, Rafael Laboissierre, Pascal Perrier and Rudolph Sock. The Development ofTongue Gestures at the babbling Stage. 29 November 2007Child Development Institute. Language Development In Children. 29 November 2007http//www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/language_development.shtml.Fong, Vicki. Sign Language Enriches Learning For Hearing Children. 20 November 2001.PennStateNews. 29 November 2007 http//www.psu.edu/ur/2001/signlanguage.html.Fusco, Jennifer. American Sign Language. Speech Delay.com. 29 November 2007Goodwyn, Susan, Linda Acredolo and Catherine Brown. Impact of typic Gesturing onEarly Language Development. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 24.2 (2000)21-103.Greene, Alan. Baby Sign Language. 30 July 1999. drgreene.com. 29 November 2007 http//www.drgreene.com/21_17.html.Grove, Nicola, Ros Herman, Gary Morgan and Bencie Woll. Baby signing the view from theske ptics. 29 November 2007Haskin, Doug. Advantages in Signing with Babies. 10 November 2006. Lifeprint.com. 29November 2007 http//www.lifeprint.com/asl101/topics/babysigning2.htm.Haussman, Penny. Baby Sign LanguageNot Just For Babies Anymore TinyTalking Hands.com. 29 November 2007Iverson, Jana M. and Susan Goldin-Meadow. Gesture Paves the Way for LanguageDevelopment. Psychological Science. Vol. 16.5 (2005) 367-371.Ryan, Diane. Extraordinary Benefits allow when you Teach Sign Language To Your HearingBaby. theparentsite.com. 29 November 2007 http//theparentsite.com/parenting/ signbaby.asp.Taylor, Lewis. Say It In Signs. The Register-Guard. 02 July 2007 B1.Waley, Khimberlee. Teaching Infants to Use Sign Language. Newswise. 29 November 2007http//www.newswise.com/articles/view/?id=SIGNLANG.OSU.Williams, MJ. Teaching Babies Sign Language. babies-and-sign-language.com. 29 November2007 http//www.babies-and-sign-language.com/baby-signs-teaching-infant.html.