Analysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe

â€Å"Ha! Would a madman have been so wise as this†. Edgar Allan Poe is an American poet and writer who creates imaginative stories to entice the reader. The narrator of Poe’s â€Å"A Tell-Tale Heart†, an unstable man who tries to convince himself and the readers otherwise, is similar to the main character of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, who is also psychotic. Both narrators have a dark side which contributes to Poe’s sinister style. Poe integrates an ominous setting and characters to create a dramatic effect. In Poe’s stories he incorporates crazed first person narrators, sinister imagery, and foreshadowing of something dreadful to showcase his suspenseful style. Poe’s use of an unstable narrator creates a sense of anxiety in the readers, which†¦show more content†¦Montresor plans his vengeance on Fortunato because â€Å"he ventured upon insult† (127). Montresor intends on killing a man for an absurd reason simi lar to the narrator of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†. Therefore the thoughts provoked by the narrator, Montresor, leave the reader apprehensive of him. Because Montresor does not reveal his madness openly, the suspense increases since we have to decide how sane he is. The suspense of having a psychotic narrator creates the dramatic effect Poe shows through his style. The integration of sinister imagery throughout Poe’s stories creates eerie surroundings for the story to unfold, leaving the reader fearful. Poe’s usage of dark and disturbing descriptions enhance the text and the overall, thrilling effect of the story. The story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is entirely set in the night, which leaves the reader uneasy from the beginning to the end of the story. The narrator stalks an old man â€Å"every night...about midnight† as he waits for the perfect moment to murder him. Since the old man is unaware of the narrator’s actions the reader is over come by fear of the unknown. The use of dark imagery paints the image in the reader’s head of a â€Å"dark shadow†¦. [ready to] envelope the victim† Because the images are so vivid, Poe creates the illusion that the reader is there with the characters. This generates angst within the reader and presents Poe’s dramatic style. Poe’s terrifyingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe - the Tell-Tale Heart1365 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Essay of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart This Edgar Allan Poe’s short story indicates the narrator as the prime character in this story, who describes himself as a sane man, as he expresses in the first sentence, yet he shows a horrifying thing as a proof. Poe presents this story with its frightening atmosphere, full of contradiction and symbolism, so it causes us to be more accurate in interpreting every single part of the story. It tends to demand us, as the reader, to be moreRead MoreAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe - the Tell-Tale Heart1353 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Essay of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart This Edgar Allan Poe’s short story indicates the narrator as the prime character in this story, who describes himself as a sane man, as he expresses in the first sentence, yet he shows a horrifying thing as a proof. Poe presents this story with its frightening atmosphere, full of contradiction and symbolism, so it causes us to be more accurate in interpreting every single part of the story. It tends to demand us, as the reader, to be moreRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1361 Words   |  6 Pagesher sin of adultery is revealed, although the father of the illegitimate child remains unknown to the town. In The Tell-Tale Heart, a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator murders an elderly man in the middle of the night and attempts to cover up his crime. Hawthorne and Poe use the psychological torment and suffering of Arthur Dimmesdale and the narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart to convey that hiding one’s sinful actions from society leads to the strong emotions of pain and guilt, demonstratingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1237 Words   |  5 PagesIn Edgard Allan Poe The Tell-Tale Heart I do believe the narrator is insane, first off he starts the story by saying I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad?. He also goes on to say observe how healthily how calmly I can tell you the whole story . In just the first paragraph of the story the narrator says he hears all things that could mean voices or even things regular people cant hear. He then says he can tell you the story veryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1943 Words   |  8 Pagesmakes the (unfinished sentence). One horror text which substantiates the necessity of this technique is the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe. This story uses sound descriptions and the reader’s imagination, which creates sound effects for th e reader, to add suspense to the story. The narrator describes the sound he believes is the beating of the old man’s heart, which drives him to become even more insane than he already is. In lines 171-174 it states, â€Å"I talked more freely to getRead MoreComparitve Analysis of the Raven Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis of the Tell Tale Heart and the Raven Edgar Allen Poe was the author of several daunting works of literature. Two examples of Edgar Allen Poes literature are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceivesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1291 Words   |  6 Pagessecrets hidden in the story line that does it? Individually when each of you close your eyes and visualise a book that has been flicked by hundreds and has been adored what comes to mind? The famous Edgar Allan Poe stands out in the history of gothic texts, especially his novel the â€Å" Tell-Tale Heart†. However there is a numerous amount of contemporary texts based off this genre including Tim Burton’s â€Å" Vincent†. In this presentation I h ope to engage you in the history of the gothic genre. GothicRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart1104 Words   |  5 PagesPoe Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis began with Sigmund Freud, also known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. (McLeod) Freud broke his theory into 3 different levels, Id, Ego, and Superego. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† focused deep into these levels of psychoanalysis specifically the superego and the id. Freud explained that our superego is our conscienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1560 Words   |  7 Pagesbelong to Mr. Poe. You see, Edgar Allan Poe is still one of the greatest masters of enticing emotion into readers. Whether it is psychological fear in short stories like Bernice and The Pit and the Pendulum or poetry about death, sadness, and love. But, Poe really does raise the bar when it comes to mystery in his poetry. From houses suddenly combusting in The Fall of the House of Usher and uncanny deliriums in The Tell-Tale Heart, mysteries of all kinds encompass Poe s works. Poe has mastered theRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart957 Words   |  4 Pageswhether madness is or is not the loftiness of intelligence,† (Edgar Allan Poe). Edgar Allan Poe is a well known and beloved writer of the horrid and meticulous. Through emphasis on his personal life and personal insanity, we get a glimpse inside the world that might be our own minds as well as stories that teach us life lessons as well as make our blood curdle and ponder over the deep emotions of Poe’s life. Stories such as the Tell-Tale Heart teach us of these life lessons. In this story the narrator Analysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe First of all, an important component of the horror genre is the incorporation of anxiety to generate anticipation and apprehension in the reader. This means that a text must include apprehension to add a feeling of anxiety to the story in order to be horror literature. Texts can complete this task by utilizing descriptions, sound effects, and repetition for the purpose of making the reader anxious to know what will occur. This technique must be used in order for a text to be a horror text because it makes the (unfinished sentence). One horror text which substantiates the necessity of this technique is the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe. This story uses sound descriptions and the reader’s imagination, which creates†¦show more content†¦The narrator portrays, in momentous detail, the old man’s â€Å"vulture eye† and how it drove him feel. He extrapolates that the eye â€Å"resembled that of a vulture--a pale blue eye, wit h a film over it.† He then expressed that â€Å"whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold† and that â€Å"I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye for ever.† The narrator felt horror and aversion toward the eye to such a tremendous extent that he was willing to and wished to murder the old man. In the end, he completed this task, which, although it drove him to total madness, got rid of the annoyance and animosity that he felt toward the â€Å"evil eye†. Secondly, the horror genre must include an inner conflict within a character which is compelled by mental distress. This means that a character, someone who is presented as a personality within the story, has an inner schism or obstacle that is created by mental instability. This is a necessary part of the horror genre because it drives the story and makes the reader dread what the character feels. Additionally, internal conflicts make the reader want to know what will happen because of the conflicts and let them know that the character or narrator may be an unreliable one. A piece of literature that uses and authenticates the significance this literary technique in horror is the short story â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by W. W. Jacobs. In this text, the main characters, the White family, wish upon a monkey’s paw forShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe - the Tell-Tale Heart1365 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Essay of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Hea rt This Edgar Allan Poe’s short story indicates the narrator as the prime character in this story, who describes himself as a sane man, as he expresses in the first sentence, yet he shows a horrifying thing as a proof. Poe presents this story with its frightening atmosphere, full of contradiction and symbolism, so it causes us to be more accurate in interpreting every single part of the story. It tends to demand us, as the reader, to be moreRead MoreAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe - the Tell-Tale Heart1353 Words   |  6 PagesAnalytical Essay of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart This Edgar Allan Poe’s short story indicates the narrator as the prime character in this story, who describes himself as a sane man, as he expresses in the first sentence, yet he shows a horrifying thing as a proof. Poe presents this story with its frightening atmosphere, full of contradiction and symbolism, so it causes us to be more accurate in interpreting every single part of the story. It tends to demand us, as the reader, to be moreRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1361 Words   |  6 Pagesher sin of adultery is revealed, although the father of the illegitimate child remains unknown to the town. In The Tell-Tale Heart, a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator murders an elderly man in the middle of the night and attempts to cover up his crime. Hawthorne and Poe use the psychological torment and suffering of Arthur Dimmesdale and the narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart to convey that hiding one’s sinful actions from society leads to the strong emotions of pain and guilt, demonstratingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1073 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Ha! Would a madman have been so wise as this†. Edgar Allan Poe is an American poet and writer who creates imaginative stories to entice the reader. The narrator of Poe’s â€Å"A Tell-Tale Heart†, an unstable man who tries to convince himself and the readers otherwise, is similar to the main character of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, who is also psychotic. Both narrators have a dark side which contributes to Poe’s sinister style. Poe integrates an ominous setting and characters to create a dramatic effectRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1237 Words   |  5 PagesIn Edgard Allan Poe The Tell-Tale Heart I do believe the narrator is insane, first off he starts the story by saying I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad?. He also goes on to say observe how healthily how calmly I can tell you the whole story . In just the first paragraph of the story the narrator says he hears all things that could mean voices or even things regular people cant hear. He then says he can tell you the story veryRead MoreComparitve Analysis of the Raven Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis of the Tell Tale Heart and the Raven Edgar Allen Poe was the author of several daunting works of literature. Two examples of Edgar Allen Poes literature are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceivesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1291 Words   |  6 Pagessecrets hidden in the story line that does it? Individually when each of you close your eyes and visualise a book that has been flicked by hundreds and has been adored what comes to mind? The famous Edgar Allan Poe stands out in the history of gothic texts, especially his novel the â€Å" Tell-Tale Heart†. However there is a numerous amount of contemporary texts based off this genre including Tim Burton’s â€Å" Vincent†. In this presentation I h ope to engage you in the history of the gothic genre. GothicRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart1104 Words   |  5 PagesPoe Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis began with Sigmund Freud, also known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. (McLeod) Freud broke his theory into 3 different levels, Id, Ego, and Superego. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† focused deep into these levels of psychoanalysis specifically the superego and the id. Freud explained that our superego is our conscienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart 1560 Words   |  7 Pagesbelong to Mr. Poe. You see, Edgar Allan Poe is still one of the greatest masters of enticing emotion into readers. Whether it is psychological fear in short stories like Bernice and The Pit and the Pendulum or poetry about death, sadness, and love. But, Poe really does raise the bar when it comes to mystery in his poetry. From houses suddenly combusting in The Fall of the House of Usher and uncanny deliriums in The Tell-Tale Heart, mysteries of all kinds encompass Poe s works. Poe has mastered theRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart957 Words   |  4 Pageswhether madness is or is not the loftiness of intelligence,† (Edgar Allan Poe). Edgar Allan Poe is a well known and beloved writer of the horrid and meticulous. Through emphasis on his personal life and personal insanity, we get a glimpse inside the world that might be our own minds as well as stories that teach us life lessons as well as make our blood curdle and ponder over the deep emotions of Poe’s life. Stories such as the Tell-Tale Heart teach us of these life lessons. In this story the narrator

Renewable Sources Of Solar Energy - 1150 Words

In the past decades, there has been an important argument regarding energy and its sources. Energy resources are classified into two groups: renewable and non-renewable. Although renewable sources have not yet been exploited to their maximum, their use has been increasing since the 1960’s. The main renewable energy sources are Wind, Geothermal, and Solar energy. Contrary to renewable sources, non-renewable sources lead in the production of electricity and other forms of energy. For non-renewable sources, Fossil fuel and Coal are the main producers of energy in many parts of the world, followed by the Nuclear energy that has increased in its used and production in the past decades. Solar and nuclear energy are possible suitors in the task†¦show more content†¦The safety regulations for the solar industry are mostly concentrated in the materials used for the production of PV cells. The greatest danger during the job itself is an employee falling from the PV cell platf orm(roof) during installation or maintenance. Regarding the fabrication, some compounds used may be harmful to the people or the environment if not wasted properly. An example is Tin Oxide (Sno2) which is known to be a water and soil contaminant. With respect to the environment, solar panels are considered friendly. These cells do not contaminate or pollute its surrounding, making them desirable when trying to reach a balance between nature and energy production in a specific location. Despite the fact that solar energy harvesting has been possible for decades, its use did not increase in the way it was expected. One of the main reasons behind the slow growth of solar energy harvesting is the economy surrounding it. The cost of photovoltaic cells has decreased significantly over the years, mainly due to improvements for mass production purposes, yet it has not proven to be affordable. In comparison with hydrocarbon energy, solar energy’s cost is still high. Regardless its high cost, the solar industry produces positive economic impacts. Opposing to the decrement in job vacancies in the coal industry, solar industry increases job positions yearly. InShow MoreRelatedRenewable Sources Of Solar Energy1223 Words   |  5 Pageshistory happened because of Ohio s failure to trim trees away from power lines. As a result, more than 50 million people in the Northeast, Midwest, and Canada were out of power for days. While Ohio is going back and forth on it its laws d ealing with solar power installation, our friends across the Canadian border have already shut down the last of their coal powered plants. The current US power grid is over 100 years old and due to its heavy use, is getting weaker every day. Blackouts, power imbalancesRead MoreSolar Energy : Renewable Energy Source1077 Words   |  5 PagesLexie Phongthai-Yochum Mr. Alexander May 3, 2016 Solar Energy Solar energy is the most plentiful and purist renewable energy source available. Because it is completely natural, it is considered to be a clean energy source. It does not disrupt the environment or threaten the Eco-systems the way oil and some other energy sources tend to. Nor does it cause greenhouse gases, air or water pollution. Solar energy is an immensely important aspect of life and has been since the beginning of time. IncreasinglyRead MoreSolar Energy Is A Great Source Of Renewable Energy850 Words   |  4 PagesSolar energy is now a great source of renewable energy. Due to the limited stock of fossil fuel, solar panel systems become more popular day by day. Now Industries, houses and defensive forces are using solar panel systems to generate power. The solar panels generate power from sun radiation. Solar cells are also known as Photovoltaic (PV) cells. When sunlight with a specific frequency hits metal, loosely bound electrons emit from the metal as shown in Figure 1. A potential difference is createdRead MoreNew And Alternative Sources Of Energy1311 Words   |  6 Pages Today s society uses enormous amounts of energy. *The shadow of our presence on this planet is a result of generations upon generations of production and utilization of energy*. New and alternative sources of energy are being developed to replace the declining accessibility of coal and fossil fuels. Use of renewable energy is a key component in combatting the climate change that has become a major issue in the 21st century. Reducing our impact on the climate as a result of greenhouse gas emissionsRead MoreSustainability And Construction Practices : Department Of Civil Engineering1256 Words   |  6 Pages 3 Scope of renewable energy 3 Types of renewable energy i. Solar power 3 ii. Wind power 5 iii. Biomass 6 iv. Geothermal energy 7 v. hydropower 8 Conclusion 8 References 9â€Æ' RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ELECTRICITY IN SUSTAINABILITY INTRODUCTION: It is the energy comes from natural resources like sun light, wind, rain water and geothermal heat. As we all know that coal, oil, gas are limited in nature they might run out some day renewable energy is the best wayRead MoreFossil Fuels And Alternative Energy Sources1682 Words   |  7 Pagesalternative energy sources (Investopedia). These alternative energy sources would include nuclear, solar, wind and hydroelectric power. The first alternative source to be discussed is Nuclear Power. Nuclear power plants are similar to fossil-fueled power plants in which water is turned into steam, which drives the turbines and generates electricity (Duke-Energy). In nuclear power plants, the heat that makes the steam is created when uranium atoms are split, called fission (Duke-Energy). ThereRead MoreRenewable Energy And Solar Energy Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagespertaining to the idea of solar renewable energy. Within the research, I will look to inform the reader on advantages and disadvantages of solar energy. Also, how solar energy will affect human in later years in the universe. Once research is conducted the report will then be organized into an informational report. The informational report will be shared with U.S solar marketers, John Barbour, and others whom are interested in knowing more information about solar energy. The main objective of thisRead MoreEconomic Significance Of Renewable Energy Policy 1383 Words   |  6 PagesSIGNIFICANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF GUJARAT’S SOLAR POLICY I. Introduction The transition to a greener energy regime in India is driven by both external factors, like energy prices, market developments, political culture and the emphasis on climate change, as well as by internal factors like the goal to achieve long term energy security and the need for enhancing access to energy. The early emphasis on renewable energy in India was primarily on the wake of energy securityRead MoreSolar Energy : The Ultimate Renewable Resource Manish Kumar1264 Words   |  6 PagesSOLAR ENERGY IS THE ULTIMATE RENEWABLE RESOURCE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Manish Kumar (EE B.Tech)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Universal Institute of Technology, Garhi (Hisar)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  manishboora13@gmail.com       Abstract-The energy availability is essentially needed for all living beings in life .TheRead MoreEthanol Essay782 Words   |  4 Pagesdiversify our energy supply? In recent months, the new focus is the investment in research and development of alternative or renewable energy. Google has announced its plans to spend tens of millions of dollars in 2008 on the project known as Renewable Energy Cheaper than Coal (Reuters, 2007). The U.S. government also has put in place two programs called, Solar Energy Technologies Program and The Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. These programs will research, develop and organize solar and wind

Enterprise System for Australian Healthcare- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEnterprise System for Australian Healthcare Industry. Answer: Introduction Every healthcare facility must deploy policies and courses on asset management and equipment control. Equipment control and asset management requires the administration of medical devices within a facility and they areassisted by independent information systems among which the main is Enterprise Resource System (ERP). In this context, the following report is designed to provide a useful insight into the informed decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of ERP system in Mobile Health Electronics which is a medical manufacturer in Australia. The report analyses the current situation of the company and offers a proper software selection process to the management. Also, the report discusses the foundations for business value and digital transformation through digital commotion. Scope The scope of this report is wide as it evaluates the need of ERP system in one of the most vital and demanded field that is, medical devices manufacturing. The Australian Healthcare industry is expanding quickly not only in terms of revenue but also in terms of employment. One of the major diversof the healthcare sector in Australia is the increased consciousness of people regarding their health(Almajali et al., 2016). Also, due to increase in the average income of people, they now want proper and quick health solutions. Thus, ERP becomes necessary in this sector. Audience This report targets the whole healthcare devices manufacturing companies of Australia through MHE. Project Background In todays competitive environment, attempts to improve medical facilities have risen all over the world. The role of IT is extended to search out the relevant solutions for different challenges faced by the healthcare organizations.The purpose of this project is to study how the ERP systems are usefulin the medical sector for enhancing the quality of healthcare services. Since the Information Technology now involves all the industries which are presently experiencing significant change management, it has been found that the deployment of ERP systems in medical equipment manufacturing companies has not been reported on a large level (Poba-Nzaou et al., 2014) M. This made the researcher to analyze the importance and need of Enterprise Resource System in improving the quality of medical services to the patients and access to the integration of services facility for the management. Moreover, this report would be helpful in identifying the ways in which the installation of ERP systems is profitable for the organizations in running their activities. It assess the significant changes which can be brought by ERP systems in various fields such as human resource, finance, admission resources, and increasing capacity as well as revenue (Garg, and Agarwal, 2014). Since there is a lack of an in-depth research in this sector, this report is designed to investigate the usage of ERPs in medical sector. Analysis and Evaluation of the current situation Strategic considerations Benefits of using a New ERP system An effective transparency of all necessary procedures throughout different divisions of the company, particularly for the senior management Independent and comprehensible workflow from one division to another so as to maintain a flawless transfer and fast accomplishment of the processes (Habidin et al., 2016) Effective inter-divisional operations and ensuring that none of these is skipped Access to the integrated and single reporting structure for evaluating the status across the different departments, such as real time No need of maintaining a separate software system(Parthasarathy, andDaneva, 2014) ERP also contains BI functionalities which provide understanding of business processes andpotential areas for improvements Availability of a range of modules in an ERP system such as HR, Finance, Marketing, sales, supply chain, CRM, and production An effective secure,and centralized storage system for all enterprise data Better collaboration among all the functions of the organization Integration of other systems to the ERP via Application Programming Interface Useful for managers to control operations which are globally discrete Drawbacks of using a new ERP system Time: Any project begins far before the actual implementation of software if the business requirements for the new ERP are not identified and possible suppliers are not evaluated properly. Moreover, it could be very time consuming for the new ERP to go from, evaluation to implementation (Branger, and Pang, 2015).After the system execution, the new ERP replacement project may disturb and create delays in other projects. It may also take more time for the users to learn the skills and adjust with the new technology. Cost: Installation of the new ERP can be expensive for the company as a replace and rip can cost around 15 million dollar or even more. The company can also experience a revenue decline when the system is executed because the IT members adjust to the new process. Changes to the ERP: Implementation of new ERP can change everything within the ERP process. The third party software may find it difficult to integrate effectively with the new ERP. Moreover, the transactional as well as master data may need to be changed to the new ERP. Apart from, this, there is no surety that the new system will actually work and meet all the business needs. Business requirements and drivers Following is the list of MHEs business requirements and business drivers: Quality Planning: Mobile Health Electronics is required to develop and ability to determine if the inspection is approved or not. The company needs to look for the quality plan which can enable the users to create particular measures in the inspection. User Certification: HME requires its ERP system to further than its basic level and identify if the user is eligible for a specific function or inspection based on training, experience or testing (Mucheleka, and Halonen, 2015). Supplier Management: It is another important area where HME needs a little more from its ERP system.The company also needs to obtain government approval to get a faster and reliable support (Shen et al., 2016). Furthermore, the MHE does not have a special type of manufacturing in utilizing its core competencies. Vendor selection and ERP platform: MobileHealth Electronics has requirements much like any manufacturer but with particular focus on aother domains whichmay be less relevantfor another business. Linking requirements to ERP functionalities Identified Items Product data guidelines Product traceability Customer management framework Business Driver/business requirement Governmental and industry standards Strategic partnership Innovative techniques Business processes FDA compliance Value chain mapping Quality management Required data All aspects of products lifecycle Patients outcomes wide range of knowledge of medical equipmentmeeting the needs of the customer ERP functionalities Revision change control Epicor Mobile Access Customer Relationship Management Software selection process Information and assumptions required for recommending the best ERP solution to MHE Key Macro Drivers The MobileHealth Electronics has manyvital macro drivers connected with it. One of the key factors influencing the company is government guidelines. It most significantly affects the pharmaceutical and biotechnology organisations (OSullivan, et al., 2014). Thus, HME requires numerous trials and tests for any drug to be considered for approval by the government. Macro Environment Anothersignificant factor which impacts the healthcare sector is the Affordable Care Act. This act influencesalmost every companyprovidingmedical care and is beneficial for some while burden for others. For instance, the MHECompanymay be required to pay a 2.3% tax on all sales of equipment which can hurt the companys revenue. Life Cycle Like many other companies, MHE has a life cycle with four stages; an early stage, innovation stage, maturity stage and decline phase(OSullivan, et al., 2014). The MHE organizationis at the maturity stage. At the maturity stage, companies become perfects on their key product and become successful in getting economies of scale. Also, smaller companies are forced to exitfrom the market by putting barriers to the entry. Recommendation of a solution SAP Business Suite 4 SAP HANA (a.k.a SAP S/4HANA) This system is especially designed for themost advanced in memory phase and on the modern design rules with SAP Fiori user experience (UX). It brings in business revolution by creating huge network of people, and devices in the real time for supporting the development of new business principles. The system is also helpful in associating the on-ramp to Big data and internet of things (Awa et al., 2016). It enables the clients to redesign their IT so as to reduce the costs and provide efficiency. This ERP package assists the management in integrating the day to day business process in an effective way (OSullivan, et al., 2014). It also unifies the operations from lines of businesses and industry solutions to integrate the elements of SAP products like SAP SRM, SAP SCM, and SAP CRM. SAP HANA system is useful in saving a company throughout the software, labour cost and hardware as well. SAP ECC6 It is one of the latest developed versions of SAPs enterprise system. It generally offers end to end software assistance for the organizations. The term end to end implies HR, manufacturing, project management, Customer relationship management, and sales and distribution(OSullivan, et al., 2014). However, it acts an alternative for the companies to install from scratch-one software each depending on the requirements of specific business activity. Although this ERP can be cheaper for the organizations yet in the long run, the advantages will be restricted and integration of all the data can become a tough task for the management. Moreover, this system enables access to various types of modules in different suits (Budgett, et al., 2017). Using this, the company becomes able to emphasise on the details of every aspect in business processes. It can be said that this ERP acts as an umbrella which covers the whole series of conventional computerised planning software. Sage X3 Sage X3 is an exceptional ERP system which is designed to offer unique business solutionsthe healthcare manufacturing companies come to know and imagine. This technology has been evolvingoutside the conventional ERP confines and,flawlesslyand readily improves the level of productivity in the distribution, production, and services sector(Almajali et al.,201. This ERP package ismobile responsive, web based, and ready to use software which supports a number of languages, currencies, and legislations. It also helps the management in controlling multi-site and multi-company functions. The system is comprised of effectively integrated BI along with graphical business courses and work flow abilities. Best ERP for MHE The above discussions show that installation of a suitable ERP package is significant for the healthcare device manufacturing companies in order to improve and enhance its dataflow and communication (Islam et al., 2016). In this view, SAGE X3 ERP is the best business solution to MHE to address these factors and make the operations simpler for the management as well as patients. Since HME is the part of Healthcare sector, it is obligatory for it to comply effectively with all the government regulations of Australia and should meet all the accounting policies of the country. Sage X3 serves as a strong ERP system which can help the company to safely manage the business operations and meet customer requirements at the same time for ensuring the needs of both federal as well as local agencies of Australia(Kang et al., 2017). This package is also helpful in assisting MHE in becoming more effective in controlling the data through advanced functionality, strong reporting system and independence. Other benefits of adopting Sage X3 for HME are as follows: Improved patient care: Sage X3 will offer improved visibility of patient details to the organization and the management will be able to providebetter and timely care to the patients (Das, and Dayal, 2016). Better integration: Sage X3 ERP for healthcaresector comes with better integration capabilities with other enterprise management systems such as CRM and payroll (Amani et al., 2016). Business Intelligence: One of the vital aspects of this ERP package for healthcare industry is BI. It will assists MHEin monitoring operational efficiency for a hospital by providingrequired metrics associated to costing and critical patient and treatment analytics(Kang et al., 2017). It would also facilitate the right care to the right patient at the right time. Minimized operational cost:SAGE X3 ERP will be helpful for MHE as it will be able to integrate all critical business processes such as HR inventory, supplies, billing, finance, and thus decreases operational cost (Hussain et al., 2016). Independence:This functionality of Sage X3 for the company will make it easy for the management to track appointments, check and appraise patient/prescription and details. Synchronization:Sage X3will provide MHE with anincorporated platform for all critical data, and pulling out of crucial report will become simple. Analysis of digital transformation through digital disruption Digital disruption refers to the transformation that occurs due to the effect ofdigital know-how and business techniques on value preposition of current products and services.Since MHE is a manufacturer of medical devices and contributes significantly in the healthcare sector of Australia, it possesses a crucial relationship with technologiesand innovative modelsChoi, S., (Kang et al., 2017).Technology makes it efficient for the management to carry out critical processes and enables to manufacture stronger equipment and reduce errors at the same time. From the above case study, it is analysed that digital disruption in MHE is important in performing clinical operations and maintaining the records of electronic medical. The role of medical care requires extended scope of healthcareto make the patients able to use health devices easily. Advantages Following are the Advantages of digital disruption for MHE Effectivepatient communication For MHE, digital disruption provides areas for improvement in patient interaction. It helps the customers to stay updated regarding the diagnosis, appointments, treatment selection, and doctor visit (France, and Wilson, 2016). Improved diagnostics and compliance The idea of the custom-made care and improved diagnostics is important factor anticipated by science fiction. Since the wearable medical devicesintroduced in the market, the concept of constant measurement has appearedmore real (Eid et al., 2017).Thus, digital platform gives the MHE a prospect of easy access to patient details in the real world. Improved sales practices Being a private healthcare manufacturer or supplier, MHE must fulfillnumerous reps from the same pharmacompany.Digital disruption provides the expertise required and more flexible solution within each specialism from a customer perspectivedemandingeffective healthcare services. Disadvantages It can be seen that Digital platforms have disrupted the markets largely.Most of the companies invest more on digital platforms rather than physical assets. Also, theyexploitdata and relationships, and technology of their networks to yieldmore value than asimilar organization (Ram et al., 2015). This network effect results in the rise of new business and mental models. Being in the medical care sector, MHE is not resistant to these new business models. It can beaffected by disruption due to the minutiae of navigating opaque billing processes, the exaltation of doctors, andrulesdestroying competition. Ways to improve In order to get maximum benefit from digital platforms, MHE is required to learn to consider it not as anobjectbut as away to operate and a way of thinking to run the business. The company should use the broad range of technologies and applications to develop more efficient automation, improved decision making, and effective connectivity with the customers as well as other external stakeholders (Gamme, and Berg, 2016). Using these business process designs MHE canmake a new way of working which can fundamentally transform the organization. Digital should be put by the management at the top of their strategic priorities while the CEO should proactively monitor the digital transformations. Conclusion On the basis of the above report, it can be concluded that in healthcare device manufacturing companies, installation of ERP is very important. The main benefits which MHE canget from the formulations ofSAGE X3 ERP package is the flexibility and speed when reacting to unforeseen changes in business processes or at the organizational level.Sincemost of the applications possess a moderately loose connection, it will be quite easy to replace them when it seems necessary. In addition to this, on the basis of above analysis, it is revealed that MHE can choosethosebusiness solutions which are most suited for their ERP demands. However, the disadvantage of these ERPs is that they canresult in an increased number of software suppliers that companies can find difficult to manage and can face challenges for the central IT. References Almajali, D.A., Masa'deh, R.E. and Tarhini, A. (2016) Antecedents of ERP systems implementation success: a study on Jordanian healthcare sector.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,29(4), pp.549-565. Poba-Nzaou, P., Uwizeyemungu, S., Raymond, L. and Par, G. (2014) Motivations underlying the adoption of ERP systems in healthcare organizations: Insights from online stories.Information Systems Frontiers,16(4), pp.591-605. Garg, P. and Agarwal, D. (2014) Critical success factors for ERP implementation in a Fortis hospital: an empirical investigation.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,27(4), pp.402-423. Parthasarathy, S. and Daneva, M. (2014) Customer requirements based ERP customization using AHP technique.Business process management journal,20(5), pp.730-751. Branger, J. and Pang, Z. (2015)From automated home to sustainable, healthy and manufacturing home: a new story enabled by the Internet-of-Things and Industry 4.0.Journal of Management Analytics,2(4), pp.314-332. Mucheleka, M. and Halonen, R.(2015) April.ERP in Healthcare. InICEIS (1)(pp. 162-171). OSullivan, J.A., Goldensohn, D. and Hinton, R. (2014) Meeting the skills gap with a focus on ERP education at SUNY; Farmingdale State College and Binghamton University.Open Journal of Business and Management,2(04), p.354. Gamme, I.A.. and Berg, G.(2016) Operational Integration in Health Care versus Mass Production.Quality Innovation Prosperity,20(1), pp.1-17. Ram, J., Corkindale, D. and Wu, M.L. (2015) Examining the role of organizational readiness in ERP project delivery.Journal of Computer Information Systems,55(2), pp.29-39. Eid, M.I.M., Eid, M.I.M., Abbas, H.I. and Abbas, H.I. (2017) User adaptation and ERP benefits: moderation analysis of user experience with ERP.Kybernetes,46(3), pp.530-549. Choi, S., Kang, G., Jun, C., Lee, J.Y. and Han, S. (2017) Cyber-physical systems: a case study of development for manufacturing industry.International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology,55(4), pp.289-297. France, A. and Wilson, J. (2016) Contemporary costing in the health sector to provide contribution performance reporting for profitability.New Zealand Journal of Applied Business Research,14(1), p.1. Das, S. and Dayal, M. (2016) Exploring determinants of cloud-based enterprise resource planning (ERP) selection and adoption: A qualitative study in the Indian education sector.Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research,18(1), pp.11-36. Hussain, M., Malik, M. and Al Neyadi, H.S. (2016) AHP framework to assist lean deployment in Abu Dhabi public healthcare delivery system.Business Process Management Journal,22(3), pp.546-565. Amani, F., Amani, F., Fadlalla, A. and Fadlalla, A. (2016) Organizing ERP research: a knowledge-centric approach.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,29(6), pp.919-940. Shen, Y.C., Chen, P.S. and Wang, C.H. (2016) A study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system performance measurement using the quantitative balanced scorecard approach.Computers in Industry,75(1), pp.127-139. Budgett, A., Gopalakrishnan, M. and Schneller, E. (2017) Procurement in public private hospitals in Australia and Costa Ricaa comparative case study.Health Systems,6(1), pp.56-67. Habidin, N.F., Shazali, N.A., Ali, N., Khaidir, N.A. and Jusoh, O. (2016) The impact of lean healthcare practice on healthcare performance: the mediating role of supply chain innovation in Malaysian healthcare industry.International Journal of Critical Accounting,8(1), pp.79-93. Awa, H.O., Awa, H.O., Ojiabo, O.U. and Ojiabo, O.U. (2016) A model of adoption determinants of ERP within TOE framework.Information Technology People,29(4), pp.901-930. Islam, R., Ahmed, S. and Tarique, K.M. (2016) Prioritisation of service quality dimensions for healthcare sector.International Journal of Medical Engineering and Informatics,8(2), pp.108-123.

Kockelman, Paul. Chaper 2 A Mayan Ontology of Po Essays - Pteropus

Kockelman, Paul. "Chaper 2: A Mayan Ontology of Poultry." In The chicken and the quetzal: incommensurate ontologies and portable values in Guatemala's cloud forest, 49-85. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016. Rose, Deborah Bird. "Flying Fox: Kin, Keystone, Kontaminant." Manoa 22, no. 2 (2010): 175-190. Flying Fox Foxes are keystone species Australia Based on findings by Donna Harway "we and others are entangled in knots of species who are co-shaping each other in layers of reciprocating complexity" pg 175 "In the Anthropocene there is no way out of entanglements within multispecies communities. Rather than seeking to erect more impenetrable barriers against others, relational ethics for living and dying in the Anthropocene urge us to assume ever greater mutuality and accountability as intradependent members of the suffering family of life on Earth." Pg 175 Author learns about flying foxes from indigenous people Stories relate foxes to people, similarly to stories about other animals in different areas Co-evolution between flying foxes and Megachiropterans and flowing plants Seed-dispersal agents for these Orchardists see flying foxes as pests that eat their fruit Zero tolerance "this is an us' and them' boundary organized along an either-or axis: it offers no place for co-existence or mutuality" pg 181 Compares the mass murder of flying foxes to be terrorism "The battle against flying foxes has never involved equals and, in its orientation toward extermination, finds affinity with modernity's terrorism. Talk about comparing human and animal lives pg 185 The Chicken and the Quetzal Guatemala Ontology Q'eqchi' people and their relationship with chickens Language Chicken associated with femininity Rooster associated with masculinity Analyzes etymology Looks at ontological placement of chickens in various ways, including etymology, relationships between birds, lexical taxonomies, discursive disruptions Relation between women and chickens, chickens and other animals, and women and other identities Chickens and their parts circulating as items with use value and exchange value Social relations mediated through this "chickens mediated any number of social relations, thereby constituting a medium of exchange in the social economy" pg 66 Chickens slaughtered to feed groups and gods at ceremonies Selfhood Selfhood constituted by a kind of ontological reflexivity These reflexive relations are distinct from and a condition for other modes of self-reflectivity Selfhood can't be understood w/o reference to ontology "Flying Fox: Kin, Keystone, Kontaminant" is a paper written by Deborah Bird Rose in 2010 about the flying fox in Australia. She speaks with indigenous people to learn how flying foxes relate to people and analyzes the newly developed relationship between flying foxes and orchardists, who consider them to be pests. Although flying foxes are a keystone species and extremely important to the health of many ecosystems, because they are a pest to orchardists, we have attacked them with guns, electric nets, explosives, and biological weapons. There "is an us' and them' boundary organized along an either-or axis: it offers no place for co-existence or mutuality" (Rose, 181). Rose even goes as far as to compare our actions towards flying foxes to terrorism. She argues that conflicts like the one between orchardists and flying foxes are unavoidable and that we should "assume ever greater mutuality and accountability as intradependent members of the suffering family of life on Earth" (Rose, 17 5). In "The Chicken and the Quetzal," Paul Kockelman writes about the ontology of chickens among speakers of the Q'eqchi' language. He examines the ontological placement of chickens linguistically and symbolically, economically, and psychologically. This covers etymology, relationships between birds, lexical taxonomies, social relations, attributions of human characteristics to animals, and the relation between children and chicken (Kockelman, 52). The two readings this week are both contemporary pieces published in the past decade, unlike many of our previous readings. Rose writes about the flying fox as it relates to both indigenous people and orchardists, whereas Kockelman describes the ontology of the chicken for Q'eqchi' speakers. Rose argues that we should assume more accountability and try to live alongside other species rather than take an us vs them mentality and remove them from our lives. She mentions the problem of equating animal and human lives. She says that we can address the issue of comparison "without cheapening anyone's life or death" and claims that if we treat human and nonhuman deaths as separate events, we make it impossible to understand "the complexities of anthropogenic deathscapes and have difficulty considering our entangled responsibilities and accountabilities (Rose, 185). I agree that treating human and nonhuman deaths separately

As You Sow so Shall You Reap free essay sample

As you sow so shall you reap Good morning said a woman as she walked up to the man slating on ground. The man slowly looked up. This was a woman clearly accustomed to the finer things of life. Her coat was new She looked like she had never missed a meal in her life. HIS first thought was that she wanted to make fun of him, Like so many others had done before Leave me alone, he growled.. To his amazement, the woman continued standing. She was smiling her even white teeth displayed in dazzling rows. Are you hungry? She asked. No, he answered sarcastically. Ive Just come from dining with the president. Now go away. The womans smile became even broader. Suddenly the man felt a gentle hand under his arm. What are you doing, lady? the man asked angrily. l said to leave me alone. Just then a policeman came up. We will write a custom essay sample on As You Sow so Shall You Reap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Is there any problem, maam? he asked. No problem here, officer, the woman answered. Im Just trying to get this man to his feet. Will you help me? The officer scratched his head. Thats old Jack. Hes been a fixture around here for a couple of years.What do you want with him? See that cafeteria over there? she asked. Im going to get him something to eat and get him out of the cold for awhile. Are you crazy, lady? the homeless man resisted. l dont want to go in there! Then he felt strong hands grab his other arm and lift him up. Let me go, officer. I didnt do anything. This Is a good deal for you, Jack the officer answered. Dont blow It Finally, and with some difficulty, the woman and the police officer got Jack into the cafeteria and sat him at a table in a remote corner.It was the middle of the morning, o most of the breakfast crowd had already left and the lunch bunch had not yet arrived. .. Here, officer? he asked. What is all this, is this man in trouble? This lady brought this man in here to be fed, the policeman answered. Not in here! the manager replied angrily. Having a person like that here is bad for business.. . Old Jack smiled a toothless grin. See lady. I told you so. Now if youll let me go. I didnt want to come here in the first place. The woman turned to the cafeteria manager and smiled. .. Sir, are you familiar with Eddy and Associates, the Nanking firm down the street? Of course I am, the manager answered impatiently. They hold their weekly meetings in one of my banquet rooms. And do you make a godly amount of money providing food at these weekly meetings? What business is that of yours? I, sir, am Penelope Eddy, president and CEO of the company. Oh. The woman smiled again. l thought that might make a difference. She glanced at the cop who was busy stifling a giggle. Would you like to Join us in a cup of coffee and a meal, officer? No thanks, maam, the officer replied. Im on duty. Then, perhaps, a cup of coffee to go? Yes, mama. That would be very nice. The cafeteria manager turned on his heel, Ill get your coffee for you right away, officer. The officer watched him walk away. You certainly put him in his place, he said. That was not my intent. Believe it or not, I have a reason for all this. She sat down at the table across from her amazed dinner guest. She stared at him intently.. . Jack, do you remember me? Old Jack searched her face with his old, rheumy eyes. l think so I mean you do look familiar. Monger days when you worked here, and I came through that very door, cold and hungry. Maam? the officer said questioningly. He couldnt believe that such a magnificently turned out woman could ever have been hungry. I was Just out of college, the woman began. I had come to the city looking for a Job, but I couldnt find anything. Finally I was down to my last few cents and had been kicked out of my apartment. I walked the streets for days. It was February and I was cold and nearly starving. I saw this place and walked in on the off chance that I could et something to eat. Jack lit up with a smile. Now I remember, he said. . I was behind the serving counter. You came up and asked me if you could work for something to eat. I said that it was against company policy. l know, the woman continued. Then you made me the biggest roast beef sandwich that I had ever seen, gave me a cup of coffee, and told me to go over to a corner table and enjoy it. I was afraid that you would get into trouble. .. Then, when I looked over and saw you put the price of my food in the cash register, I knew then that everything loud be all right. So you started your own business? Old Jack said. l got a Job that very afternoon. I worked my way up. Eventually I started my own business that, with the help of God, prospered. She opened her purse and pulled out a business card.. When you are finished here, I want you to pay a visit to a Mr.. Lyons Hes the personnel director of my company. Ill go talk to him now and Im certain hell find something for you to do around the office. She smiled. l think he might even find the funds to give you a little advance so that you can buy some loathes and get a place to live until you get on your feetIf you ever need anything, my door is always opened to you. There were tears in the old mans eyes. How can I ever thank you? he said. Dont thank me, the woman answered. Thank God. .. Who led me to you. Outside the cafeteria, the officer and the woman paused at the entrance before going their separate ways. Thank you for all your help, officer, she said. On the contrary, Ms. Eddy, he answered. Thank you. I saw a miracle today, God is going to shift things around for you today and let things work in your favor.

Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Essays

Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Essays Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Paper Communications Media Analysis Worksheet Paper Communications Environments and Media Questions COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Electronically mediated virtual communication____Two-way instant messaging_______ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 1. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. You are able to send out a meeting location change five minutes before the meeting starts to the other attendee (for small meetings) b. You are able to ask a someone a short question to find out information quickly c. Someone is able to quickly ask you your fax number so that they can send you a fax and you can verify receipt of the fax instantly d. Can coordinate on a homework assignment between classmates in different locations e. Can chat briefly with someone online when background noise in a location is too distracting for a phone call 2. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Having personal conversations in an office environment b. A manager sending confidential salary information to an employee when they are not certain who may be reading the instant message over the employee’s shoulder 3. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Font size, type, and color used in the message b. Whether or not emoticons are used c. The length of the initial message and length of responses d. The way each response is phrased (is the â€Å"enter† key pressed after every few words even if the entire sentence is not completed? ) e. The amount of time it takes each person to respond to each other â€Å"instantly† (one second versus 30 seconds). 4. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? . Internet connection is broken mid-conversation b. Computer crash c. Instant messaging software versions are not compatible between users d. Power outage e. Hard component failures (monitor blackout, keyboard disconnection, mouse malfunction) 5. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. The receiver can reply instantly to the initial IM message b. The receiver can call the sender via telephone if the initial message was a telephone number c. The IM software can notify the sender that the receiver is online, a two-way connection is established, and the receiver is typing a message in reply 6. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to compose short and coherent messages b. Ability to determine the level of information necessary in a brief message c. Ability to determine the information needs of the receiver d. Ability to understand the level of urgency required in order to use IM to send the message e. Ability to type fast with minimal spelling and grammatical errors 7. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. Two-way instant messaging allows for brief real time conversations when a telephone is not an option. This medium is appropriate for sending an urgent message only when the sender can verify that the receiver is online and available to chat (which is usually indicated by the software). If the receiver is not available for online chat at the time the sender wishes to send a message, the sender must choose email or another form of virtual communication that does not require the receiver to be present at the time the message is sent, while at the same time accepting that there will be a delay in the response. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Paper-mediated virtual communication_________Report________ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 8. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Sending results analysis to a business customer concerning a recent product rollout b. Presenting a list of research findings to a group of people c. Creating a sharing numerical data in the form of graphs to upper level management d. Presenting on cost benefits of a new product to stakeholders e. Sharing your course learning with classmates r the instructor of a class 9. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Composing a biography for a company website b. Writing an abstract interpretation of a song or piece of literature 10. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Font style and size used b. Length of paragraphs within the document and num ber of pages c. Use of graphs and colors d. Whether or not the report is printed or sent via email attachment e. If the report is printed, whether or not it is bound in a formal report cover 11. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. If the report is an email attachment, the file size may be too large for some inboxes b. Paper may jam while printing c. May run out of ink when either printing or copying d. Graphs or diagrams may not be aligned properly if report is viewed from another operating system e. Data may not be complete or available in time for the report deadline 12. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. If the report is handed out in person, face to face verbal acknowledgement may be given b. If the report is send via email attachment, the receiver may send an email reply c. If the report is presenting in front of a group, questions may be asked in response to the report content 13. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to interpret data into graphs b. Ability to determine the level of information needed for the target audience c. Ability to interpret research information so that logical conclusions are reached d. Ability to organize thoughts in a logical order so that receivers can come to the correct conclusions e. Ability to use the applications necessary to compose the report (such as Word, Excel, and Power Point). 14. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is not appropriate for sending an urgent message because reports are usually created after the sender takes time to gather, analyze, and interpret data. The report reflects as few as several hours to several days and even several months worth of research and the report itself may take some time to put together. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Electronically mediated Real-Time communication___Radio_______ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 15. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Morning news report broadcasted during driver commutes b. Daily traffic reports delivered during morning and evening rush hour to drivers c. Advertising for listeners in between music sets d. Severe weather advisories which interrupt normal broadcasting e. School and business closings during inclement weather (such as snow) 16. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Broadcasting a news or television program b. Sending out a personalized message to just one individual (no guarantee they will be listening at the particular moment the message is sent out). 17. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Use of background music with the radio message b. The tone of the speaker (monotone or with conversational inflection) c. Competency or confidence of the person speaking or reading the message d. Speed at which the message is spoken or read e. Length of advertisement or broadcast 18. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. Radio signal is weak b. Traffic noises during rush hour c. Listener changes channels in the middle of broadcast d. Radio station DJ cuts message short e. Listener carrying on a conversation with another person during broadcast 19. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. Listeners respond to advertisement by visiting store b. Listeners call into radio station in response to a news report or to provide traffic updates c. Listeners can email radio station in response to news heard on the radio 20. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? a. Ability to speak clearly and annunciate each word b. Fluent in language that the message is written in c. Ability to broadcast messages on one take without making a mistake d. Ability of the writer to compose short and coherent messages e. Ability to determine the level of information needed for the target audience 21. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is appropriate for sending an urgent message when the message is important enough to interrupt the radio program. The most common situation for urgent radio messages is to warn listeners of severe weather such as tornados and floods. COMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENTS AND MEDIA Communications environmentCommunications medium Unmediated Real-Time communication_____water-cooler conversation_____ For the communications environment and medium listed above, answer the following questions: 22. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used? a. Asking a co-worker about their weekend b. Talking about last night’s news report c. Making plans for lunch later in the day d. Sharing short personal stories that help to empathize and relate to other coworkers e. Networking and offering services for projects within and outside of work 23. What are two communications situations in which it would be inappropriate to use this medium? a. Gossiping about a fellow colleague behind their back b. Discussing confidential customer information 24. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium? a. Body language and posture b. Eye contact and visual focus c. Volume and inflection of voice d. Whether or not the greeting is friendly, apathetic, or hostile e. Level of listening – does the listener interrupt the speaker or lack any response? 25. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e. g. , anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message)? a. Someone walks by and interrupts the conversation b. External noises are too loud to hear the speaker clearly c. Listener has a poor opinion of the speaker and is biased against anything the speaker has to say d. Listener is distracted by the speaker’s grooming techniques (messy hair, wrinkled shirt, etc). e. Speaker mumbles or does not annunciate well 26. What types of feedback are possible with this medium? a. Physical feedback such as head nodding, smiling, laughing, or even frowning b. The listener paraphrases what the speaker has said to make sure the message is understood. c. The listener asks questions to clarify information 27. What are five communication skills necessary to effectively use this medium? . The ability to know what topics are appropriate for casual conversation (nothing too personal, confidential, or controversial) b. Ability to speak clearly c. Good listening skills such as focusing attention on the speaker and acknowledging understanding of the message d. Ability to determine the volume of speaking the conversation should have (not too loud as to interrupt others around you, but just loud enough to be heard) e. The ability to know when it is appropriate to carry on a casual conversation (preferably not when the listener is very busy, distracted, or not in a good mood). 8. Is this medium appropriate for sending an urgent message? Explain. This medium is not appropriate for sending an urgent message due to the fact that water-cooler conversations occur when people are free to speak casually about light topics. Urgent messages cannot depend that all intended receivers will be present and available at â€Å"the water cooler† to hear the message. Urgent messages also imply a level of importance and the water-cooler scenario is most appropriate for non-essential communications. COMMUNICATIONS SCENARIOS State which medium or media you consider the best for use in the following communications situations. Assume your intended audience has the capability to receive your message. Explain your choices. 29. You manage three company locations within a large city. There are 100 workers among the three locations. You receive a message from company headquarters informing you that the company plans to layoff 10 percent of its workforce in your city. Your job is to deliver this information to your employees. A mandatory meeting should be scheduled for employees at all three locations. The meeting would be held at one main location with employees at other locations either dialing into the meeting via teleconferencing or videoconferencing. This way the message can be delivered only once with all employees present, and employees are present to either ask questions which will receive immediate answers, or listen to questions asked by other co-workers. 30. Although you work in the U. S. , you are the manager responsible for a small workforce in three offices in three different overseas locations. Each office has two managers and 14 non-management employees. You need to pass confidential information on to the managers at each location- information that it is not appropriate for the other employees to have at this time. The confidential information will either be saved onto a password protected CD-ROM and mailed to each manager, or the information may be placed in an encrypted file and sent via email attachment. The managers will then be provided with the password to unlock or decode the information once they receive it. This way, those who have the password (the managers) are the only individuals who will see the confidential information. 1. You are the marketing manager of a small company that has developed a new and unique consumer product. However, the target market for your product is quite specific (that is, your product is not aimed at all consumers). You need to get word of your product to your target market quickly, and prefer not to waste money delivering your message to people who would not be potential customers. If the small company keeps detailed customer records and the target market is existing customers, then a direct mailing campaign would be most appropriate. However, if the advertising is limited to a certain type of consumer, perhaps advertising can be done in the types of media the target consumer would generally read, listen to, or watch. For example, if the target audience was parents, then an ad in a local parenting magazine or paper would be ideal, with the actual advertisement composed in such a way as to appeal to parents. 32. You have a virtual workforce of 30 employees who all work at home or on the road. You need to update them on wide-ranging changes in product pricing- the pricing update information runs to several pages of fairly small type. Since the information to communicate is several pages in length, and the type is fairly small, the best means of reaching a telecommuting workforce is via a company intranet. The information can be published on an intranet site that only employees can access and obtain information at any time from any place. They would be able to view the pricing update document and use the zoom function to increase the size of the font so that the information is easier to read. They also have the option to print out the information from a location of their choosing.

Mayfly by Kevin Canty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mayfly by Kevin Canty - Essay Example James’ character appears to be a hard driven man in his mid thirties who is not quite sure about the direction which his life is taking and seems to be unsure whether he is satisfied or not. Molly is James’ girlfriend and takes the role of a delicate soul with a penchant for al things living seen by the way she is affected by the butterflies on the highway (Canty). She is a writer who is enthusiastic about taking care of herself seen by her sobriety and vegan diet but she also loves to express herself seen by the type of work that she does (writing) as well as her liking of tattoos. Sam is James’ old friend from college and comes out as a semi-irresponsible father and husband who nonetheless, appears to be doing fine financialy depicted by the description of his house and lifestyle (Canty). He also comes off as having an adulterous aspect about him although this is not confirmed and is taken from a number of clues that come out in the story. Jenny is a mother of three and Sam’s wife. She comes out as a tired figure in need of support from her husband that does not appear to be forthcoming. There is a sense of resentment around her in terms of her marriage to Sam, and it seems that she has resigned herself to the hand that fate has dealt her though she is not pleased with it. The story is told from James’ point of view, and this has an influence on the shaping of the story’s focus. By seeing things from James’ point of view, the reader is able to experience the various moods and emotions that he goes through via the thoughts that run through his head and this help’s focus the view of the rest of the group from an external perspective. The doubts that James has over his relationship with Molly and the activities between his girlfriend and Sam when they go on their trip is derived from the perspective that James has on the status of his relationship. The appearance of Jenny is told from James’ eyes as well including the experiences she has been through. This helps the story to focus on the main character who is James even when the topic is about somebody else. Reading the story from James’ point of view also allows the reader to get inside the main character’s head and depicts the way he thinks and looks at issues from his objective. For example, James lack of guilt after his midnight rendezvous with Jenny may not have been depicted had the story been told from another perspective. (Canty) The significance of the Monarchs in the opening scenes can be said to be used in the provision of the setting for the reader, a means with which to describe the scene as it were. The sheer number of insects and their death on the windscreen of James car provides a somewhat gloomy setting which can also be said to have been used to project the mood of the two characters (James and Molly) in the opening scenes (Canty). The butterflies can also be said to have been used to demonstrat e Molly’s care for living creatures as she insists on stopping when she realizes what is happening to them. The fact that she cares about something as small as a butterfly that she could be moved to tears goes a long way in portraying her character (Canty). The monarchs and butterflies in their travels towards the north can also be used to depict both James (the monarch) and Molly (the butterfly) in their journey together in life with the car’s windshield portraying the potential hazards they might come across while trying to keep their relationship alive. The mayflies can be seen to represent the cycle of life and the inevitable eventuality of our actions that are bound to be repeated when one is placed

Media Violence and Imitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Media Violence and Imitation - Essay Example Media Violence and Imitation Susan Hurley’s article may not contain any definitive research or universally agreeable answers, and it may be victim of the same narrow partisan dogmatism that she decries (her constant derision of liberals as â€Å"outdated†, are a testament to this). But it does contain many valid points that can at least be debated if not accepted by anyone. It must also be noted that Hurley goes through great pains to distance herself from conservative demagoguery and manages to offer somewhat acceptable compromises by invoking tort instead of legislation to deal with the matter. De Bruin manages to address the issue of Tort effectively enough, by stating that a link between criminal violence and media violence may be too difficult to prove even in individual cases, rendering the entire process fruitless and a formality. Furthermore de Bruin also asks the question, how are we to decide which forms of imitative influences are good and which are bad, and one can assume that the logic al conclusion to a continuation of filtering imitative influences in the media can lead to another form of social engineering. The lines in this debate as they usually are in debates of the controversial variety are heavily blurred. The side which one takes on this issue is primarily subjective. We must decide for ourselves whether or not personal autonomy should be decreased for the greater social good and whether or not individual members of a society can decide what the greater social good involves.

Studies in entrepreneurship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Studies in entrepreneurship - Research Paper Example He outlines the resources needed in fulfilling the need identified. The entrepreneur is often responsible for the success of the business identified and its failure as well; therefore, he has to plan on how to manage the business amidst all the problems and challenges in the immediate and external environment. The entrepreneur often operates in some kind of an entrepreneurship ecosystem whereby he has to plan and develop tools that he can use to obtain additional funding and other resources needed in the achievement of the identified goals and objectives. For instance, he has to prepare his business plan in order get assistance from the bank and other financial systems. Entrepreneuship has caused the gorwth and development of small business intiatives to become large international ventures (Stevenson, 1997). This has led to great success of these multinational corporations that has been aided by resourceful and able networking among the stakeholders involved and the investors (Stevenson & Jarillo, 1990). During the course, one of the areas that interested me was the development of the social capital. This is because, in long term, it helps in achieving great internationalization in many business activities across countries of the world. This paper summarizes all that I have learnt, showing the areas that have been of great interest to me. Stevenson & Zarillo (1990), have been effective in their research about the different ways in which people can start and manage business activities. According to this research, entrepreneurship is an important activity through which people can identify and exploit their diverse potential in solving various needs in the society and corporate world. In the same way, Stevenson (1997), outlines the six different dimensions on the subject of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship in itself is a process that requires careful

Effect of SHRM on Mergers and Acquisitions

Effect of SHRM on Mergers and Acquisitions IS STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR MERGER AND ACQUISITION PROCESS, IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND EFFICIENCY? Introduction First chapter of my dissertation will talk about the back ground of the proposed dissertation topic. This back ground discussion will lead our focus to the actual problem area. As the main actors of my discussion are human so the related topics back ground, like HRM, strategic HRM, and integration of SHRM with overall business strategy and the new role of SHRM especially in the process of mergers and acquisitions, will be focused. Later discussion will focus on aims and objectives of my research and will also explain the dissertation structure. Background Business world is so dynamic especially in current era when organizations face lot more complicated challenges and strict competitions. To cope with new challenges, organizations employee new management tools, methods and philosophies. These tools and philosophies help management in gaining competitive advantage to survive in the business world. Among these philosophies, strategic HRM is one, which helps businesses to survive and gain competitive advantage in current dynamic environments. To learn more about the role of Strategic HRM, first we need to know what strategic human resource management actually means, as we know till that point that this a management philosophy helping organizations in facing new challenges in ever changing environment. The concept of Human resource management is not new. It is on the business horizon from last 100 years discussed and debated in different forms, shapes and names but the actual human resource management can actually be traced back in 1960s when the importance of employer and employee relationship was more focused. Improved education and skills actually developed the concept of Human resource management over the years. This development took a new turn when in 1980s HRM became the integral part of business strategy and was named as strategic human resource management. That field of business management is actively involved in all business decision and plans related to relations of employee and organization. The involvement of SHRM in restructuring and developing organization can be seen in the shape of different tools and methods adopted by organization like decentralize decision making, flattened hierarchies, training etc. This involvement is much needed during Merger and acquisitions process where SHRM can help this process in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. To allocate resources accurately ,like employing right people with right skills and knowledge, organizations need to bring in the SHRM at the time of strategy development not at middle or later stages. Introducing SHRM at start of strategy making will help organizations to achieve their goals and objectives of proposed merger or acquisition. Organizations need to manage their human resources very systematically and strategically to gain competitive advantage. SHRM provides organizations an opportunity to align and integrate peoples resources with strategic management. This integration and alignment will ensure that right people, working on right places with right tool, implementing right policies to gain overall goals and objectives of the organization. The popularity of SHRM is growing day by day as an effective tool to do effective business. In this growing popularity human resources are treated as the available talents and energies of people who are available to an organization as potential contributors to the creation and realization of the organizations mission, vision, strategy, goals and objectives which helps organizations in order to improve the business performance. Jackson and Schuler (2000) My research dissertation will try to establish a link between SHRM being an effective tool in MAs process in terms of a knowledge, skills and efficiency contributor. This link can be seen in the statement given by Narasimha,S. (2000) as Strategic HRM take a different colour when we view them as contributing to organizational knowledge stocks. So it is apparent that SHRM is capable of doing much more than the traditional HR in achieving business goals and objectives. Reason to Choose This Dissertation Topic As my dissertation revolves around SHRM so the main reason of choosing this topic is to establish a link in between organizational development and the role of SHRM. My focus would be the areas where SHRM can play a critical role in developing organizations especially when organizations decide to acquire or merge with some other organizations for number of reasons like to increase the share holders value, expansions , strategic alliances, access to new markets, elimination of competition etc. Usually organizations face swerve problems when they go through these MAs processes, so my main aim is to focus on what should have been done in advance of this process, during and after the process to make such deals successful. Top management plans, middle level management execute the plans and general employees do what they asked to do, to ensure the success of business plans. In my dissertation I will focus on how SHRM approaches and models can be effectively implemented and executed and how these models maintain the consistency in achieving business goals and objective not only today but in future as well. Another area of my focus would be provision of knowledge and skills by SHRM to the organizations, efficiently. These are new tools and techniques that can have a great effect in the times of mergers and acquisitions and require active involvement of both sides to achieve set goals. Another field in which I would be looking into to establish my research is performance management. My research will try to identify the Importance and criticalness of implementation of this system into the organization as this implementation is not easy as claimed by Elaine, D. P. (2009, Pg.3) Performance management is known as the Achilles Heel of human capital management, and it is the most difficult HR system to implement in organization. This system is all about defining, assessing and refining the work outcomes and attitude of employees. This effective system of performance management should give organization a leading edge as compare to their rivals. There are other related issues which need to be addressed like maintaining quality of services with the help of emerging techniques and strategies. Quality in service can be attained by training and development of the employees. Besides that they need good salary and good designations, which can lead employees towards better performance. SHRM have capabilities to address this issue in very systematic way. Organizations always goes through different phases and some time they need to even face situations like redundancies, re-structuring and some time even closures of businesses. But on the other hand organizations establish strategic alliances and mergers to grow. In this situation HR mangers have to address issues like relocation, new designations, changing nature of job duties, obstacle is changing culture and arranging new training and development programmes. The most sensitive amongst is cultural change which can have really bad effects on business success if not addressed properly. To address this problem area, SHRM can provide solutions like recruiting right people with right talent, knowledge and skill. Actually it is HRMs strategic approach which can motivate employees for quality of work and development of company by designing most appropriate HR policies. If some one wants to know the working environment and culture of an organization then he should study it HR policies. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim and objective of my dissertation is to find out how strategic human resource management (SHRM) can play a vital role in terms of knowledge , skills and efficiency during and after mergers and acquisitions (MAs) process. How the integration of strategic management ( SM ) with human resource management (HRM) can improve and maintain the competitiveness of future preferences of the organizations, especially MAs. How useful it could be if we use SHRM as a tool in MAs process to benefit the knowledge, skills and efficiency much needed in this process. If we look at the dimensions of human resource management (HRM) , two type of dimensions are more apparent, Functional and strategic. Operational issues come under functional HRM and overall company progress and performance is linked with strategic HRM. Majority of Managers involved in MAs are always confused of understanding and implementing the strategy which has been developed over the time. SHRM will focus on the strategy and planning of human resource requirements which are needed on a certain period of time and will ease the difficulties of mangers especially in MAs. This approach will focus on the number of personnel needed along with the behaviour and attitude which can produce best results. This integration will eventually increase the effectiveness of organization in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. The study on this subject provides the information that 80 percent of acquisitions were not gone through well or total failure. How can this commonly practiced business strategy end in complete disaster? Can involvement of SHRM can provide sufficient knowledge, skills and efficiency that such disasters in MAs can be avoided. Even 80 percent of such deals end up in disasters; still such MAs are taking place everyday. There are many reasons of these failures, the most important amongst them is little or poor human side involvement especially strategic human resource management. When two firms merge or one big firm acquire the small one, actually the two different working cultures come side by side. The new culture may be the totally a new one or may be part from one firm and part from other merged firm. Bothe higher managements and middle level managements have different level of skills, knowledge and expertise. Most of the mergers fail when these two different cultures collide. My research will identify that can strategic human resource management provide such assistance which can manage the human side of MAs in most effective way that it can provide knowledge, skills and efficiency to the process. LITRATURE REVIEW Introduction To conduct my research I need to take a deep dip into the pool of related information. The information which will provide the base for my research and will give me a deep insight of the work already done on this or related problem area. The information which would be reviewed in this section of my research will come through books, articles, journals and critical reviews. Mergers and acquisitions are very common and favourite mode of restructuring and growth as stated by Andrew and Milledge ( 2006, pg.2 ) According to him, 1980s was the era when almost half of the U.S. businesses restructured themselves. In this wave of restructuring, more than 80,000 companies engaged in merger of acquisition. The extent of popularity of this practice can be imagined with this but most of the mergers and acquisitions were totally or partly flopped due to one or other reason. Why such a huge activity is not well planned, why most of the mergers and acquisitions ends up in disasters. Is there something wrong with the finance side or poor management is the cause of this failure or may be human side of involvement in the process has been neglected. My research will encompass that how an effective human side of involvement in the process can get better results in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. The basic aim of this research is to find out various views, ideas and concepts of mergers and acquisitions, causes of their failures especially when strategic human resource management is not actively involved in the process. Along with, the research will review all the SHRM models and their critics, their role in mergers and acquisitions process and how SHRM can provide knowledge, skills and efficiency in the process. As vast data is available on the issue so the research would be narrow down into few headings as below. What is merger and Acquisition? Need of mergers and acquisitions. Main causes of failure of MAs. What is Strategic human resource management? Different approaches and models of Strategic HRM How SHRM can be an effective tool in MAs process in terms of knowledge, skills and efficiency. What is merger and Acquisition? Most of the businesses are bound with one sold principle, either they have to grow or leave the market. Growth ensures returns to shareholders, generate profits and gets market share from competitors. On the other hand the businesses without growth lose their market share, lose customers and ultimately they disappear from the market leaving great losses for the shareholders. Mergers and acquisitions actually play a very significant role in strengthening the companies or in case of weak business or entrepreneurs, provide chance to avoid exclusion from the businesses as quickly swallowed by the strong business. MAs are very important for a balanced and healthy economy. Corporate history have seen different roles played by MAs, like greed is good role, when corporate businesses buying companies in hostile environment and destroying them and todays fresh trends in which MA take place for growth and competitive advantage. Since mid 2004 this activity is mostly based on macroeconomic needs of recovery. (Sherman, et al (2005 ) Merger When two companies or businesses combine in to one unit, its called merger in which only one company survive and the merged company comes to an end only to exist. The surviving company or business is called acquirer which gets all the assets along with all liabilities. Usually in this process large companies are always acquirer or buyers and smaller companies are target but some time businesses with same size and capabilities, both try to cease to exist and they form a new company. Though these mergers take place with mutual agreements, still merger statistics are treating large companies as buyer and smaller as target. (Gaughan, Patrick A. (2005) J. Reuvid (2007) describes merger as a transaction in which both companies agrees to combine and form a new business entity which will issue new shares and on the other hand cancelling all the old individually issued shares. Mergers usually give an impression of equal share of both parties involved in the merger but quite often one company actually enjoys dominance in term of equity and majority in board of directors. Usually big businesses are predator and smaller ones are known as victim in all most all transitions. Mergers can face three kinds of scenarios or situations which are beautifully explained by Weston, J.Fred (2001) in his book Mergers and Acquisitions. According to W.J.Fred the first category is synergy or efficiency in which the efficiency level with combined operation is greater than the sum of efficiencies produced by these two businesses individually. The second category points out the situation when bidders overpay due to Hubris and the value of business remain unchanged. Third category talks about the situation when total value of business is decreased due to mistakes made by mangers or agencies. All these three situations lead the business towards new directions. Acquisition Mergers and acquisitions are the terms usually used simultaneously. In mergers two companies join together to do business under single business entity but in acquisition, business purchases the other business entity as whole or part of it as explained by Sherman, Andrew J. et al (2005). They claim that companies do it for many reasons like in 2005 Proctor Gamble acquired Gillette company, Inc. to expand its access to consumer products and some companies acquire other businesses to get access to foreign markets. Usually acquisitions occur to obtain financial or strategic goals. Stanley F, Reed ( 2007 ) defines acquisition as a process by which assets or stocks or both of an organization or business are bought by other organization or business. After acquisitions the buyer becomes the owner of stocks and assets and the target or acquired company lose their ownership. Its kind of generic term which explains the transfer of ownership. Its more common then mergers as theres no occurrence of successive mergers. Need of Mergers and Acquisitions Why businesses engage in mergers and acquisitions, what are the main reasons, what are the forces working behind this activity which been very popular in last 2 decades? For almost all businesses the ultimate objective is maximizing profit. Keeping in mind this objective studies shows that traditionally there are two causes of why businesses go for mergers and acquisitions. First one is financial in which prime objective is increasing the share holders value and second one is based on managerial motive which focuses on knowledge, growth, sale, performance etc. Studies on this subject shows number of reason behind these MAs and the factors involved behind this activity, all will be analysed from various perspective. MAs are borderless as explained by Sturgess, B. ( 1989 ) in Booming International Mergers and acquisition . Sturgess describe that mergers and acquisitions can be of local nature or it can go across borders. He explains that local firms can go abroad to acquire foreign businesses or foreign businesses who merge or acquire domestic business. These MAs can provide short term finances to companies as described by Fluck and lynch (1999). If the firm is unable to finance profitable projects due to one or other reasons they go for MAs to acquire these funds required to finance the big project which will eventually increase shareholders value. The managerial motives under which mangers try to increase their powers or gains and address other issues like maximizing growth, increasing sale volume etc has been explained by Napier, N.K et al (1989) in Communication during mergers: the experience of two banks very elaborately. Apart from the traditional motives the academic, researchers and other people involved in this process has begun to think other reasons and causes of MAs brought in by the rapid changes in the business over the time. One of them is Angwin (2001) who states that the firms go for MAs to avoid the fear of being taken over or being destroyed by other large firms. To exist they simply want to be merged or acquired by other firms where they can remain operational and in the market. The other reason what he describes is as public motive in which companies merge or been acquired to increase the performance and shareholders value which allow them to gain all competitive advantages to remain active in the todays competitive markets. Some time companies reach to their maturity with becoming more bureaucratic, leaving fewer opportunities for the individuals. According to Lenvinson (1970) MA can help such companies by bringing new ideas, enriched working culture, attitude and fresh knowledge. If such companies will not address there obsolescence on time then they will lose their competitiveness and soon will vanish from the market. Vermeulen and Barkema (2001) also claim that MA can be very helpful in bringing up up-to-date knowledge and techniques in the businesses to survive in the market in long run. The new knowledge can be of in different field of operation in which company is not engaged yet but in near future this might be the key knowledge in surviving in business world. All the causes and reasons behind merger and acquisitions can be categorised into seven heads and are known as theories of mergers and acquisitions. These theories can be easily understandable with the help of a diagram as below and can explain the facts which are active behind almost all MAs. Efficiency theory explains mergers as the way of getting synergies into three main heads which are financial, managerial and operational. For example if we look into the financial head then we consider that the financial efficiency after merger should be greater than the sum of individual financial efficiencies. But this theory has been criticised by Montgomery and Sing ( 1984 ). They claims that in any efficient capital market such synergies like financial synergy cannot be achieved then how businesses can go for mergers only on this ground. According to monopoly theory the businesses go for mergers and acquisitions to improve and increase the competitiveness but this competitiveness may not be achieved as criticised by Revenscraft and Scherer (1987). He claims that the monopoly theory is comparatively weaker than efficiency theory due to the unfavourable results on businesses. According to Trautwein, F. ( 1990 ) Raider theory is basically a form of acquisition in which a takeover bid is made to gain the control of shares. Theoretically its not a complex theory as frequently cited in business literature claimed by Thomas Straub ( 2007 ) in Reasons for frequent failure in mergers and acquisitions. He states that this form of MAs is regarded as peoples outcome in which these peoples or raiders attempt to get some of the wealth of shareholders for which they have made bid. Next comes the valuation theory In which Trautwein, F. ( 1990 ) claims that mergers and acquisitions are carried out by top management, the people who have more accurate and true information about the real value of the business. This information is more authentic than the information taken from the investment or stock market. According to the empire building theory the managers are more concerned to maximize their use and thats the only aim in their mind and thats why they plan a merger or acquisition. The process theory try to explain mergers and acquisitions as the result of decision made by the management which may not be rational as management did not considered the alternatives and have not done any deep analysis. Without a deep and thorough analysis management cant reach on a decision of that critical nature. The economic disturbances like recent credit crunches actually modify and reshape the behaviours and expectations of individual, individual who made the decision of mergers ad acquisitions. So with the change of economic environment many firms go for alternatives and amongst these alternatives MAs is more popular thats why the business engage in this critical manoeuvre. Trautwein, F. ( 1990 ) Main causes of failure of MAs Most of the researches and reports shows that almost 60% MAs end up in disaster. There are plenty of reasons of these failures and some are explained by Robert F. Bruner ( 2009) in his books Deals from Hell: MA Lessons that Rise Above the Ashes. He summed up these reasons in six main heads. People involved in these deals were unable to take quick and prompt decisions and actions as they were unable to clearly understand whats happening. The reason of there confusion is that the deals are so complicated and shows a blurry picture. Problems of one department or area would travel to other parts of business as flexibility was at its lower level. Problems were not cordoned off and it effects the whole environment. Some weak decisions and choices were made by management which exposed the risks of the emerged firm. Te new firms cant avoid exposed risks which caused a failure. These choices or decisions were either deliberately or mistakenly made. The decision makers were prejudiced by the pasts successes, cost effectiveness, over optimism and pride which led them towards wrong choice or activity. Companies were not doing businesses as usual. Errors and problems were common and business environments were lacking of something of important nature. The operational teams collapsed or became ineffective. The reasons behind this collapse or ineffectiveness were existence of different working culture of acquirer and target, problem related to political issues and to much stress on operational team individuals. All these problems broke down the operational teams which resulted in failure. On the other hand Gerhard, P ( 2002 ) claims that the main factor of failure of MA transactions are overestimates of revenue , cost synergies and post-transaction integration efforts which are too slow and having low capacities and are not aggressive enough to address these areas effectively. He explains that these causes are the main problem with MAs which leads these transaction in disaster or some time in total failure. What is Strategic human resource management.(HRM) The concept of HRM was developed in USA in 1960s and 1970s with initial academic work done by different authors and then it spread around the world and been adopted by almost all organizations around the world. Brewster (1994, pg.1) The concept of Strategic human resource management or SHRM can be traced back in in1980s and has been distinguished from traditional personnel by virtue of the way in which the former ignored , but the later embraces strategy Guest (1993, Pg.213). This integration of strategy make it distinctive from all personnel management forms as concluded by Purcell ( 2001, Pg.59) In following words. The integration with strategy is central to all models of HRM and virtually all authors are agreed that this is the distinctive feature of HRM, compared with personnel. Under this concept the HR strategies are integrated with business strategies to achieve the organizational goals. Under this integration, the strategies developed and implemented, lead the organizations t o achieve the set goals and objectives very effectively. Its a conceptual approach, in which strategists find an ideal point where in long run human resources should be and how to get there. It also explains how a more strategic approach can be adopted by the members of HR on daily basis to monitor that the HR strategies are assisting overall business strategy and they are adding value in it. Armstrong, M ( 2008 ) Earlier concept of SHRM was developed from the two models presented by Harved Business School in 1980 in which business strategy has been integrated in HRM. These two models are known as Harved Matching Model and Harved Framework Model. This was the first time when Mission, Organisation Strategy and HRM were identified as the key player in the success of business. Later on these key players were integrated together to give the right tack to an organisation which leads towards success, effectiveness and competiveness. (Jain, P. (2005) The activities which directly or indirectly influence the individuals behaviour to formulate and implement strategically, what ever business needs. As it is a conceptual framework in which individuals are directed strategically to achieve the set goals in most effective way. Schuler R. S (1992) defines SHRM as all the activities affecting the individuals behaviour in an attempt to develop and put into the practice the strategic requirements of the organisation. This academic Schuler, R.S et al ( 2001 .pg 127 ) further explains that by strategic we mean that HR activities should be systematically designed and intentionally linked to an analysis of the business and its context. Its a combination of two concepts, HRM and strategy. HRM models are used by focusing on strategy and these models are integrated with businesss overall strategy as explained by Armstrong, M ( 2006 ) in his Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. This concept deals with the key philosophies of strategy like strategic intent, competitive advantage, strategic fit and strategic capability etc. He further explains that Strategic HRM is an approach which leads businesses to formulate and implement policies, programmes and practices related to employment relationship, resourcing, performance management, reward etc. These policies and decisions are made on the overall intentions and plans of organization. Some academic claims that HRM and strategic HRM are almost identical concepts as Mathis Jackson (1985 Pg.3-4 ) define HRM as the strategic planning and management of human resources for an organizationHRM is more broadly focused and strategic in nature. Four meanings of strategic HRM has been described by Hendry and Pettigrew (1986 ) as The use of planning , A rational way to the design and management of personnel systems which are based on an employment policy and human strategy along with philosophy. HRM activities are matched with overall organisational strategy. To achieve competitive advantage ,human resources are viewed as strategic resources The definitions and statements which explain SHRM, given by different authors and researchers, clearly shows the growing need and importance of strategic HRM in business world. Day by day businesses world is becoming more complex and competitive and strategic HRM can play a vital role in ensuring competitiveness as Jain, P ( 2005 ) claims that today the human resources are viewed as the potential contributors in the achievement of organizational goals with the help of available energies and talent these people have. These resources should have four qualities to maintain their competitiveness as suggested by Boxhall, (1996). These suggested qualities are That they must increase the value of activities. Rarity and uniqueness must be established. Hard to copy And hard to be replaced by other alternatives like technology. The people are the assets to the organizations and these assets should be used strategically to achieve competitive advantage and business goals and objectives in long run. Strategic HRM addresss some of the critical issues in organizations which deal with the change in culture, structure and knowledge management and how it can be used effectively. Theses changes can increase the organizational effectiveness and performance. It provides efficient way of matching activities and resources to the future requirement of the organization. It Guides how peoples skills and abilities can be developed over the time and how the change can be managed. Human capital requirements and development of process capabilities are focused under strategic HRM. Different approaches and models of Strategic HRM Human resources play a critical role in the successful achievement of goals and objectives of an organization. The vital importance of managing human resource and strategically deploying these resources can be well understood by the statement of the Managing Director of British Chrome and steel in 1998. He stated that There is no other source of competitive advantage! Others can copy our investment, technology and scale but NOT the quality of our people. Steve, B. ( 2000 ,pg 222 ) As the importance is apparent so these resources should be controlled effectively to get the maximum results. To find out how these resources can be used so effectively and strategically different gurus and academics of this subject have presented couple of theories, frame works and models. These Gurus and academics have also described how these approaches and models of strategic HRM can be developed and implemented though implementation of these HR strategies is not that easy as HR mangers need to realize the Strategic human resource requirements not only in numbers but also attitudes, behaviours and commitments. Alan, P. ( 2007, pg.271) These models and approaches can be categorised into two types: General and Particular approach to the practices of strategic HRM. Universality, Contingency and Configurational , are the thr